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''The Golden Era'' was a 19th-century San Francisco newspaper. The publication featured the writing of Mark Twain, Bret Harte, Charles Warren Stoddard (writing at first as "Pip Pepperpod"), Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Adah Isaacs Menken and Ada Clare. Stoddard recalled the newspaper as "the chief literary organ west of the Rocky Mountains".〔Tarnoff, Ben. ''The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature''. New York: The Penguin Press, 2014: 40. ISBN 978-1-59420-473-9〕 ==History== ''The Golden Era'' began in 1852 as a weekly founded by Rollin Daggett and J. Macdonough Foard.〔Twainquotes.com. ("Mark Twain in ''The Golden Era'', 1863–1866" ). Retrieved on July 26, 2009.〕 In 1860 it was sold to James Brooks and Joseph E. Lawrence. In the spring of 1860, they hired Bret Harte as editor and he focused on making it a more literary publication.〔Tarnoff, Ben. ''The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature''. New York: The Penguin Press, 2014: 26–27. ISBN 978-1-59420-473-9〕 He had previously published his first poem in the ''Golden Era'' in 1857〔Scarnhorst, Gary. ''Bret Harte: Opening the American Literary West''. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000: 6; ISBN 0-8061-3254-X〕 and, in October of that same year, his first prose piece on "A Trip Up the Coast".〔Nissen, Axel. ''Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper''. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 48–49. ISBN 1-57806-253-5〕 Twain later recalled that, as an editor, Harte struck "a new and fresh and spirited note" which "rose above that orchestra's mumbling confusion and was recognizable as music".〔Tarnoff, Ben. ''The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature''. New York: The Penguin Press, 2014: 28. ISBN 978-1-59420-473-9〕 In the 1860s, New Yorker Charles Henry Webb became the highest paid contributor to the magazine.〔Nissen, Axel. ''Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper''. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 76. ISBN 1-57806-253-5〕 In his regular column at the end of 1863, he announced that he and Harte "determined to start a paper" of their own.〔Tarnoff, Ben. ''The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature''. New York: The Penguin Press, 2014: 65. ISBN 978-1-59420-473-9〕 The result was the ''Californian'', begun in May 1864, with Webb as publisher and Harte as star contributor and occasional editor.〔Nissen, Axel. ''Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper''. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 25. ISBN 1-57806-253-5〕 For the rest of the decade, ''The Golden Era'' and ''The Californian'' were significant rivals.〔Caron, James E. ''Mark Twain: Unsanctified Newspaper Reporter''. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2008: 217. ISBN 978-0-8262-1802-5〕 Harr Wagner bought the weekly in 1882. In January 1886, Wagner changed to monthly publication, and hired Joaquin Miller as editor. Wagner married poet Madge Morris who was already a contributor, and her contributions became more numerous. In 1887, Wagner moved the periodical to San Diego, California—city officials enticed him with a $5,000 subsidy.〔Bennion, Sherilyn Cox. (''Equal to the occasion: women editors of the nineteenth-century West'' ), University of Nevada Press, 1990, p. 127. ISBN 0-87417-163-6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Golden Era」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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